Can Americans Drive in Europe Without an International Permit?

For a lot of travelers, there’s something deeply satisfying about driving through Europe. Whether you’re weaving through the sun-drenched roads of the French Riviera, cruising past alpine lakes in Switzerland, or tackling mountain switchbacks in northern Spain, having a car gives you freedom—and a front-row seat to scenery that’s hard to beat.

But before you hop behind the wheel, there’s one question you need to settle: can you legally drive in Europe with just your American license, or do you also need an International Driving Permit (IDP)? The answer isn’t as straightforward as you might hope.

It depends on the country, the context, and sometimes even the mood of the police officer who pulls you over.

Let’s break it down so you know exactly where you stand.

What Is an International Driving Permit (IDP)?

First things first—an IDP isn’t a license in itself. It’s an official translation of your valid U.S. driver’s license into 10 languages. It looks a bit like a passport booklet and includes your photo, driver classification, and license information.

It’s recognized in over 150 countries and serves as a backup ID when you’re abroad. If you’re ever in a situation where the local police or rental agency can’t make sense of your American license, the IDP fills in the blanks.

An IDP is only valid if you’re carrying your U.S. license with it. And it expires after one year.

Only two organizations in the U.S. are authorized to issue them:

If someone else offers to sell you one, it’s either a scam or simply not valid.

Countries Where Americans Must Have an IDP

While your U.S. license might be enough in parts of Europe, there are several countries where it’s simply not accepted on its own. In these places, an IDP isn’t optional—it’s required by law.

Here’s a quick reference:

In any of these countries, showing up without an IDP could result in a fine, or worse, being denied a rental or held responsible in case of an accident.

Where a U.S. License Is Fine (But Carry an IDP Just in Case)

Not all of Europe requires an IDP. In fact, some of the most popular tourist destinations accept a valid U.S. driver’s license outright.

But even in those places, having an IDP can still help smooth things over, especially if you’re renting a car or dealing with rural police who don’t speak English.

Here are some IDP-optional destinations:

Take France as an example. Legally, your U.S. license is enough. But if you’re pulled over in the countryside where English isn’t common, or if your license has a non-standard format, an IDP could save you from some uncomfortable back-and-forth.

How to Get an IDP—Without Any Hassle

Option 1: Apply in Person (Fastest)

Visit your local AAA office with:

Processing usually takes less than 30 minutes.

Option 2: Apply by Mail (Slower, but doable)

Mail your completed application, two passport photos, a photocopy of your license, and a $20 check or money order to:

AAA/IDP Mail Stop #28 1000 AAA Drive Heathrow, FL 32746

Allow 5–7 weeks for delivery. Plan well ahead if you’re leaving soon.

A Few Quick Tips

Renting a Car in Europe & What Else You Should Know

Even in countries that technically don’t require an IDP, rental companies often do. Italy is a good example. Even though you’re not driving across borders, most rental desks in Rome or Milan will ask for your IDP—and might refuse to rent to you without it.

Services like luxury car rental Milan are ideal if you’re after a high-end experience, especially when navigating Milan’s upscale cityscape or heading out toward Lake Como.

Here’s what Europcar typically requires:

Some rental contracts also mention:

One traveler shared that their rental agency charged an unexpected €140 fee when they took a German rental car into Italy and Switzerland. So always read the fine print.

Insurance Matters More Than You Think

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Your U.S. car insurance almost certainly won’t cover you in Europe. Before you leave, call your provider to double-check, but assume you’ll need something extra.

Your Options

At a minimum, make sure you’re covered for:

Skipping insurance to save money could leave you responsible for tens of thousands in damages if you’re in a wreck—or even just if the car gets dinged overnight in a tight parking spot.

What Else Should You Carry?

Beyond your license and IDP, make sure you’ve got:

• Passport: Valid at least 3 months beyond your intended EU departure date
• Rental contract: Keep a printed copy handy—it includes your insurance terms and vehicle info
• Visa (if needed): Americans can stay in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days without one, but the UK, Ireland, and others may have different rules

A Few Driving Tips That Can Save You Stress (and Fines)

Here’s a quick cheat sheet:

Road Rules to Watch For

• Roundabouts: Vehicles inside the circle usually have right of way
• Speed limits: Marked in kilometers. French highways are 130 km/h (~80 mph), but speed cameras are everywhere
• ZTL zones in Italy: These “limited traffic zones” are common in city centers and are heavily monitored. Entering one without permission can result in automatic fines
• Drinking and driving: Most countries have stricter blood alcohol limits than the U.S.—don’t chance it

Road Conditions

• Rural roads: Often narrow with tight curves
• Parking: Limited and expensive in cities—use paid lots when you can
• Tolls: Common in France, Italy, and Portugal. Keep cash or a credit card handy

Fuel

• Diesel vs. Gasoline: Double-check what your rental car takes—filling it wrong can damage the engine
• Service stations: Can be rare in rural areas, especially on Sundays

Emergency?

Dial 112 anywhere in the EU. It’s the equivalent of 911.

Why the Rules Can Feel Confusing

Some blogs say IDPs are never checked. Others insist they’re required everywhere. Rental companies often say one thing online, then ask for more documents at the counter.

Rick Steves, a go-to name in European travel, admits there’s a gray area. His advice? Err on the side of caution.

If a police officer or border official asks for your documents, the last thing you want is to be fumbling or explaining why you thought you didn’t need something.

Final Thoughts

Yes, Americans can drive in much of Europe without an International Driving Permit—but only in some countries. And even where it’s not legally required, it can save you a ton of hassle with rental companies and roadside authorities.

So, is it worth getting an IDP? Absolutely. It’s cheap, easy to get through AAA, and can be a lifesaver when you’re pulled over or trying to rent a car in a foreign language.

Before your next European road trip, check your route, check your documents, and give yourself a little peace of mind. Because the open road is a lot more fun when you’re not worried about paperwork.